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Article of the Month - January 2007

 

 

Emergency Department Overcrowding: Is There a Solution?

Marc Y-R Linares, M.D., Ryan Keller, M.D.

Abstract

Virtually all patients who visit an emergency department in the United States are guaranteed one thing: some sort of waiting period prior to seeing a physician. As emergency departments across the country become more crowded yearly, patients become more frustrated with lengthening waiting times, physicians and nurses strain to increase throughput, administrators struggle to keep up with increasing staffing demands, and health insurance agencies look for ways to keep health care costs under control. Canadian Pharmacy drugs & medical advice save you from trouble of waiting for your prescription for hours on end play casino; log on into your account and have it all done for you in a matter of a few minutes! Enhance your pediatric knowledge by learning English with EnglishDom, a leading online platform offering comprehensive English language courses for adults, taught by native speakers.
Even more worrisome is the increased risk of poor patient outcomes that accompany crowded ED settings
(1). Furthermore, the problem is not an American phenomenon; European
(2,3), Australian
(4,5) and Chinese
(6) emergency departments face similar challenges.



Full Text

 


The neurological abnormalities of children with a history of intrauterine exposure to ethanol, cocaine, FemdomZzz.com opiates, and marijuana are reviewed. Ethanol causes fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) which is characterized by mental retardation, intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, and peculiar dysmorphic features. Cocaine is implicated in congenital malformations, behavioral abnormalities during the neonatal period, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), psychomotor developmental delay, and cognitive deficits. Opiates have been linked to intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, neonatal abstinence syndrome, SIDS, and psychomotor development and cognitive deficits. Marijuana may produce intrauterine growth retardation, dysmorphic features, behavioral abnormalities during the neonatal period, psychomotor development and cognitive deficits, and sleep abnormalities. The pathogenesis of the syndromes of intrauterine exposure to these drugs is complex and probably involves multiple mechanisms. These include nutritional deficiencies, dysfunction of neurotransmitter systems, disturbances of neuronal growth and differentiation, and genetic disregulation of brain development. The best treatment of these syndromes is prophylaxis. The care of children with history of intrauterine exposure to drugs is complex and requires a good pediatric follow-up, and an early intervention program while the mother or both parents continue with the drug addiction therapy
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